調查：中國人老境堪憂 Aging Chinese Face a Bleak Picture

013年6月2日星期日

調查：中國人老境堪憂 Aging Chinese Face a Bleak Picture

Aging Chinese Face a Bleak Picture

China's elderly are poor, sick and depressed in alarming numbers, according to the first large-scale survey of those over 60, an immense challenge for Beijing and one of the greatest long-term vulnerabilities of the Chinese economy.

The survey of living conditions for China's 185 million elderly paints a bleak picture that defies the efforts of the government to build what it calls a 'harmonious society,' one dedicated to human welfare rather than simply economic growth. Of the generation that built China's economic boom, 22.9%─or 42.4 million─live in poverty with consumption of less than 3,200 yuan a year ($522).

The fear of being old and poor, which prompts many Chinese to stash away their earnings, also cuts against another of Beijing's priorities: to rebalance the economy toward stronger consumption.

The survey, led by Chinese and international academics, covered 17,708 individuals across 28 of China's 31 provinces and was partly funded by the Chinese government through a science foundation. While careful to credit the government with progress on expanding pension and health-care coverage, it also showed that physical disability and mental-health problems are widespread: Of those surveyed, 38.1% reported difficulty with daily activities and 40% showed high symptoms of depression.

International comparisons are made difficult by definitional issues. But rates of poverty, disability and depression in China all appear relatively high. The poverty rate for Americans aged over 65 is 8.7% according to the Census Bureau. The U.S. Health and Retirement Study found that 26% to 27% of elderly Americans had a disability, and depression rates are also markedly lower than in China.

John Strauss, a professor at the University of Southern California and one of the leaders of the project, pointed to China's relatively low level of development as part of the explanation for higher poverty levels there. 'We need to remember that China is still a developing economy, it is not yet a high-income country,' he said.

An aging population means the problems are compounded. The number of old people for every hundred working-age members of the population─known as the dependency ratio─will rise from 11 in 2010 to 42 in 2050, according to projections from the United Nations.

Other countries will also see a rise in the dependency ratio. But the pace of aging in China is particularly marked─a consequence of the one-child policy.

The survey finds that 88.7% of the elderly who require assistance with daily activities receive it from family members. But the one-child policy and the migration of many young people to China's cities for work threaten to erode the traditional approach of children caring for elderly parents.

China is also unique in encountering a serious problem with aging while still a poor country. 'Other countries are old and rich,' said Albert Park, a professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and another survey leader. 'China will be old at a relatively early stage in its development.'

Yu Baihui is one of many who have fallen through the cracks. Aged 73, Ms. Yu lives with her husband in a dilapidated house in Rensha, a town of 31,000 on the edges of Chongqing in western China. Like many of China's impoverished elderly, she is a former farmer, too old to benefit from the booming economythat has swept the younger generation into China's factories,and passed over by a benefit system that is skewed in favor of urbanites.

'My parents don't have any pension or other allowance,' said Luo Zhengfeng─Ms. Yu's son, who works selling umbrellas and tour maps in Chongqing to support his wife, child and aging parents.

China's turbulent history also appears to have had an impact on the generation that lived through it. 'China's elderly experienced famine in the 1950s, and the disturbance of the Cultural Revolution,' said Mr. Park. 'Those early experiences leave a marked impact on physical and mental health.'

In theory, respect for elders is deeply ingrained in China's culture. Confucius, China's cultural lodestone who has enjoyed a revival in popularity as leaders search for new sources of legitimacy, advocated the honoring of all old people.

On a visit to an old people's home in Tianjin in 2009, former President Hu Jintao echoed those sentiments and set the tone for government pronouncements on China's aged. 'Respecting and caring for the elderly is not only a Chinese tradition, but also a symbol of national civilization and progress,' he said.

Mr. Hu advocated a more inclusive form of development, with expansion of public pension and health-care coverage. The results of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study suggest those efforts haven't so far been sufficient.

Widespread poverty in old age also undermines China's attempt to put the economy on an even keel, with lower saving and investment and higher consumption. Despite rapid increases in wages─which rose 14% last year for workers in the private sector according to official data─ households remain unwilling to spend. One reason: the need to guard against poverty in old age. 'I hope the government is stung by conscience and puts more money into pensions,' said Cecilia Wang, a 30-year-old translator at a business magazine in Beijing, 'but as they don't we have to save ourselves.'

China has enjoyed some success in expanding the welfare system. Pension coverage for urban residents has expanded from 155 million in 2003, when Mr. Hu took over, to 304 million in 2012, according to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Pension coverage for rural residents has grown even more rapidly. But the benefits provided by the expanded schemes remain inadequate in many cases. The survey shows that on average, recipients of the government's basic rural pension receive just 720 yuan a year.

More than 90% of the elderly population is now covered by health insurance, but out-of-pocket costs remain high. 'Mom had a stroke last year, and the hospital charged 18,000 yuan, but we could claim back only 1,000 yuan from insurance,' said Mr. Luo, the Chongqing umbrella seller. The 17,000 yuan in out-of-pocket costs equaled almost half of his annual income.

'China's government is aware of the problem and addressing it aggressively,' said Mr. Park. But there are few easy answers. With a growing number of elderly relying on a shrinking workforce, the existing system of care inside the family appears untenable. But more generous pension and health-care benefits risks putting a sharply increased strain on the public finances.

Tom Orlik

2013年 05月 31日 14:41

調查：中國老齡人口境況堪憂

Reuters

中國甘肅省元古堆村的一位老人坐在自己家中。

針

對中國60歲以上人口的首次大規模調查顯示﹐中國貧窮、多病且精神抑鬱的老年人數量多得驚人﹐這既是對中國政府的巨大挑戰﹐也是中國經濟最大的長期性弱點之一。

對 中國1.85億老年人生存狀況的這一調查勾勒出了一幅黯淡的畫面﹐這使中國政府構建所謂“和諧社會”的努力受到了挑戰。中國政府的這一努力致力於實現民生 幸福﹐而不僅僅是經濟增長。在創造了中國的經濟繁榮的那一代人中﹐有22.9%（4,240萬）的人生活貧困﹐年消費額不足人民幣3,200元。

出於對老來貧的擔心﹐許多中國人都將自己相當一部分收入儲存起來﹐這使中國政府實現其另一項優先目標的努力受到了挑戰。這一目標就是提高消費對經濟增長的貢獻率﹐從而使中國經濟逐步實現再平衡。

這 項由中國和國際學者牽頭進行的調查訪問了中國31個省份中28個省份的17,708人﹐其部分資金由中國政府通過一個科學基金提供。調查報告雖然沒忘提及 中國政府在擴大養老和醫療保險覆蓋面方面所取得的進展﹐但它還是顯示﹐中國老年人中普遍存在身體殘疾和精神健康問題。在接受調查的人中﹐38.1%的人說 自己在日常行動方面存在困難﹐40%的人表現出高度的抑鬱症症狀。

由於定義方面的問題﹐難以將中國的上述調查結果與其他國家的情況做橫向 比較。但中國老齡人口的貧困率、殘疾率和精神抑鬱率似乎都處於相對較高的水平。美國人口普查局(Census Bureau)的數據顯示﹐美國65歲以上老年人口的貧困率為8.7%。美國健康與退休研究項目(Health and Retirement Study)發現﹐美國26%至27%的老年人存在殘疾﹐美國老年人的精神抑鬱率也明顯低於中國的水平。

美 國南加州大學(University of Southern California)教授施特勞斯(John Strauss)是中國上述調查項目的牽頭人之一﹐他認為中國相對低的發達程度是造成中國老年人貧困率較高的原因之一。他說﹐我們需要記住﹐中國依然是一 個發展中國家﹐它還不是一個高收入國家。

中國人口的老齡化程度不斷提高使中國的老年人貧困問題變得更加複雜。據聯合國預測﹐中國的贍養比率（即每100名工作年齡人口需要贍養的老人數）將從2010年的11上升至2050年的42。

雖然其他國家的贍養比率也會不斷提高﹐但中國由於獨生子女政策的影響﹐其人口老齡化的速度尤其快。

此次調查發現﹐在中國日常行動需要人幫助的老年人中﹐88.7%的人是從家人處獲得幫助的。但由於中國的獨生子女政策以及許多中國年輕人離開家鄉前往城市尋找工作﹐有可能使中國由子女照顧年邁父母的傳統養老方式受到威脅。

相關報導

人口老齡化是治癒中國經濟失衡的良藥
人口的挑戰：中國會否未富先老?
中國養老金制度有多危險？

中國還面臨著獨特的未富先老問題。此項調查的另一位牽頭人、香港科技大學教授朴之水(Albert Park)說﹐其他國家是老而且富﹐而中國則將在尚未成為發達國家時就進入老齡化社會。

於 百惠（音）就是眾多未富先老者中的一員。她今年73歲﹐與丈夫住在重慶郊區仁沙鄉一個破破爛爛的房子裡。這個鄉有人口3.1萬。跟中國很多窮困的老年人一 樣﹐於百惠以前也是農民﹐現在因年邁體衰﹐無法受益於蓬勃的經濟發展。年輕一代紛紛被這股經濟浪潮裹挾著進入廠礦企業打工﹐而老年人則被向城鎮人群傾斜的 福利制度所忽略。

於百惠的兒子羅正峰（音）說﹐我父母沒有養老金﹐也沒有別的津貼。他在重慶賣雨傘和旅遊地圖﹐以此來養活妻兒和年邁的父母。

中國動盪的歷史也好像對經歷了這段時期的人們產生了影響。朴之水說﹐中國老一代人經歷過上世紀50年代的飢荒和後來文化大革命的騷亂﹐那些早年的經歷給他們身心都留下了印記。

按理說﹐“尊老”是中國文化中根深蒂固的東西。中國文化先師孔子就主張要“上敬老”。在中國領導人尋求新的合法性之際﹐孔子再度受到追捧。

2009年﹐時任中國國家主席的胡錦濤到天津某敬老院看望老人時﹐也對這一傳統表示肯定﹐並且為中國政府在這方面的表態定了基調。他說﹐尊敬和愛護老人是中華民族的優良傳統﹐也是一個國家文明進步的標志。

胡錦濤主張的是一種更加廣泛的發展形式﹐擴大公共養老金和醫療保險的覆蓋面。中國健康與養老追蹤調查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study)結果顯示﹐這些努力到目前為止都還不夠。

中 國老年人到了晚年普遍貧困﹐這一現象也破壞了中國試圖以低存款、低投資和高消費來讓經濟保持平穩的努力。儘管工資收入迅速上漲（官方數據顯示民營部門員工 去年漲薪幅度達14%）﹐但中國家庭仍不願花錢﹐理由之一是要防止老來貧。北京某商業雜志30歲的翻譯Cecilia Wang說﹐我希望政府發發善心﹐給養老金多撥點款﹔但因為他們不這麼做﹐我們就得自己攢錢。

中國在擴大福利體系方面已經取得了一定的成 功。中國人力資源和社會保障部的數據顯示﹐城鎮居民的養老金覆蓋面從2003年胡錦濤上台時的1.55億增至2012年的3.04億。針對農村人口的養老 金覆蓋範圍擴展速度就更為迅速。但擴大的養老計劃所提供的養老金在很多地方仍顯不足。那項調查顯示﹐農村老人平均每年只能領取到政府提供的720元基礎養 老金。

如今﹐90%以上的中國老年人都有醫療保險﹐但需要自己實際支付的費用仍很高。在重慶靠賣傘為生的羅正峰說﹐我母親去年中風﹐醫藥費花了1.8萬元﹐但保險只能報1,000元。這自掏腰包的1.7萬元幾乎相當於他半年的收入。

朴之水說﹐中國政府意識到了這個問題﹐正在積極應對。但這個問題幾乎沒有輕鬆的解決之道。中國現在有越來越多的老年人依靠不斷萎縮的勞動力來贍養﹐這種靠家人養老的模式似乎看上去已經為繼。然而﹐擴大養老和醫療支出又會讓政府面臨公共財政壓力劇增的風險。

Tom Orlik

English porter, Fuller's Brewery

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fullers London Porter

Carnegie Porter of Gothenburg, Sweden

English porter is a dark style of beer originating in London in the 18th century,^[1] descended from brown beer, a well hopped beer made from brown malt.^[2] The name came about as a result of its popularity with street and river porters.^[3]
The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined.^[4] The name "stout" for a dark beer is believed to have come about because a strong porter may be called "Extra Porter" or "Double Porter" or "Stout Porter". The term "Stout Porter" would later be shortened to just "Stout". For example, Guinness Extra Stout was originally called "Extra Superior Porter" and was only given the name Extra Stout in 1840.^[5]



 來到倫敦這座曾經以出口波特啤酒（Porter）聞名的大都會，只要事先預約，就能參觀成立超過150年的富樂（Fuller’s）老酒廠，或者一探炙手可熱的新世代酒廠Meantime Brewery，感受世代交替釀酒廠的新舊魅力。
　■Fuller’s 老牌酒廠
　Fuller’s是目前倫敦最老的品牌之一，歷史從1845年起，也是倫敦人引以為傲的家鄉品牌，旗艦款London Pride在倫敦機場就有販賣，台灣目前由豪邁代理進口旗下啤酒。
　富樂酒廠離市區有一段距離，遠遠走近就傳來一陣香甜的麥芽香氣，先在酒吧Mawson Arms會合後，導遊Chris再帶領進入外觀仍保有傳統紅磚白邊的Griffin Brewery廠房。
　Griffin Brewery內部氣氛跟一般閃著不鏽鋼銀光的現代酒廠大不相同，有如走迷宮般連結數個上下的小樓梯，並保留目前已不再使用的釀酒器材，例如巨大圓形的銅色糖化槽，一旁為現代使用的高大水槽，兩者一新一舊，呈現有趣的對比。
　■逛完酒廠 喝到飽再走
　這些復古器材也伴隨著逗趣的故事，像是早期的熟成槽巨大到可以跑進裡面玩躲貓貓，就曾有負責清潔的小男孩出不來的窘境。早期的發酵槽也跟當今多數 密閉式的不鏽鋼桶不同，採取開放而非密閉，發酵時酵母會漂浮到表面，多餘的酵母會特別設計從一旁的槽口流出，備用於下一次的發酵。
　聽著看著逛著，教科書上黑白照片上的氛圍，酒客的服裝樣貌，甚至連當年啤酒麥芽的滋味，都一一在腦海中浮現。
　逛完酒廠後才是最高潮的「喝到飽」時間，Fuller’s大方提供多款新鮮出廠、不過濾，也不多加二氧化碳的真愛爾。我也找到了行文化之名，趁機 大喝特喝的藉口，甚至還裝模作樣的當起了酒保。導覽Chris看我喝得津津有味邊笑說，30年來自己每天也非要喝上一杯London Pride的真愛爾啤酒。2013-05-18  中國時報 文／伊蓮

Fuller's Brewery

Fuller, Smith and Turner PLC

Industry	Alcoholic beverage
Founded	1845
Founder(s)	John Bird Fuller, Henry Smith and John Turner
Headquarters	Chiswick, London, United Kingdom
Products	Beer
Production output	217000 UK barrels (in FY2012)
Revenue	£253.0m (FY2012)
Divisions	The Fuller's Beer Company, Fuller's Inns
Website	http://www.fullers.co.uk/

Fuller's Brewery (full name Fuller, Smith & Turner P.L.C) is an independent family regional brewery founded in 1845 and based in Chiswick, West London.^[1]

Contents 1 History 2 Griffin Brewery 3 The Fuller's Beer Company 4 Fuller's Inns 5 References 6 External links

History

Beer has been brewed on Fuller's Chiswick site for over 350 years - as far back as the era of Oliver Cromwell. From the original brewery in the gardens of Bedford House on Chiswick Mall, the business expanded and thrived until the early part of the nineteenth century. Money problems forced the owners, who were then Douglas and Henry Thompson and Philip Wood, to seek a partner.
John Fuller, of Neston Park, Wiltshire was approached to see if he would inject the required amount of money. In 1829 he joined the enterprise, but the partnership proved a difficult one and in 1841 Douglas Thompson fled to France and the partnership was dissolved.
It soon became apparent that it was impossible for one man with no brewing experience to run a brewery of that size alone, so in 1845 John Fuller's son, John Bird Fuller, was joined by Henry Smith from the Romford Brewery of Ind & Smith and his brother-in-law, Head Brewer John Turner, thereby forming Fuller Smith & Turner, as it is still known today.
Since that date the Griffin Brewery has gone from strength to strength. In 1909 the Beehive Brewery in Brentford was acquired, along with its 34 pubs. In 1929, one hundred years after the first Fuller had come to Chiswick, the partnership was dissolved and a Limited Company was formed. Descendants of those first partners are still heavily involved in the day to day running of the company.
Over the years Fuller's has built up a reputation for its pubs and beers, with the likes of London Pride, ESB and 1845 all winning numerous awards. In fact, three of Fuller’s beers – London Pride, ESB and Chiswick Bitter – have been named Champion Beer of Britain, a feat unmatched by any other brewery.^{[citation needed]}
In November 2005, Fuller’s announced the largest deal in the history of the company acquiring George Gale & Co. (Gales), of Horndean, Hampshire. The Gales deal added 111 houses to the estate taking the total number of pubs then to 362. Fuller's has continued to selectively acquire pubs to add to its estate and the company now owns and operates over 380 pubs.

Griffin Brewery

The wisteria plant at the Griffin brewery 2008

The first recorded use of the name 'Griffin Brewery' in Chiswick dates from 1816, when one of the oweners of the company at the time, Douglas Thompson, acquired the name from a failed brewery (Meux & Reid) in the City of London.^[2] As well as its range of beers, The Griffin Brewery, located on the A4 in Chiswick, is famous for having the oldest wisteria plant in the UK, planted in the early 19th century.^[3] The public can take a guided tour of the site.^[4] During 2012 almost 15,000 visited the site.^{[citation needed]}

The Fuller's Beer Company

Fuller’s is most widely known as the brewer of London Pride, one of the UK’s leading premium cask ales, as well as many other award-winning ales such as Chiswick Bitter, ESB and 1845. Three of Fuller’s beers - London Pride, ESB and Chiswick Bitter - have been named Champion Beer of Britain, a record unmatched by any other brewer.^{[citation needed]} Fuller's ESB (Extra Special Bitter) has the distinction of being the beer which spawned an entire beer style in the USA.

An assortment of Fuller's bottles

A selection of Fuller's brands over the years

Bottle of London Pride

Fuller's has a number of regular brands.^[5]
Fuller's year-round beers (as at 2013)

• Fuller's London Pride, the company’s flagship brand, is a mahogany coloured bitter. The beer is best known in England in its 4.1% cask conditioned form, but is also sold in the UK and worldwide in 4.7% pasteurised bottles.

面對失智父母／不要和她講道理

這篇找不到原作者，謹致謝。 



任勞者必堪任怨，任事者必遭批評。

  怨言之下有慈忍，批評之中藏金玉。 

面對失智父母／不要和她講道理



面對失智父母／不要和她講道理

久未謀面的朋友告訴我，困擾她多年的高齡失智母親，

從一個躁鬱老人變成快樂老人了。
⋯⋯
過去，朋友為了照顧母親而辭去工作，

無論她多麼的努力，母親反常的行為還是搞得全家雞飛狗跳。


很難想像以前談到母親就眉頭深鎖的她，

如今竟神采飛揚的訴說母親的行為。

原來她發現和失智母親不能講理，只能把她當孩子般寵著順著，

她把母親每天的生活排得滿滿的，母親再也不會製造問題了。

她先是讓母親每天早上去社區老人大學上課，

即使上學只是幌子，但母親接觸到外界的刺激，心情很愉悅；

假日她則開車帶著母親四處逛，雖然只在住家附近，

但母親就像小學生去郊遊般興奮；

母親愛唱歌，她就讓外籍看護帶著母親去公園唱歌；

母親不肯洗澡，她讓外籍看護和母親一起玩泡沫沖水遊戲；

母親愛炫耀自己有錢，她就在母親身上放很多 玩具鈔票；

母親疑神疑鬼地，會去藥房胡亂買藥吃，

她就偷偷塞給藥房老闆像藥丸子的糖果。

她還鼓勵母親畫圖，

因為母親相信自己那些像畢卡索般的傑作，有一天可以賣大錢。

看著朋友閃亮的眼神敘述著她母親的轉變，我心中不禁湧起了虧欠感。

去年我九十二歲的父親過世，父親晚年變得無法與家人相處，

雖然他沒有失智，也沒有其他重大的疾病，

但他與過去我們心目中尊敬的父親判若兩人。

我們不了解他的轉變，看著他的脫序行為，不斷與他爭執，甚至想糾正他。

如今想來才知道父親外表雖然正常，

但他已經退化到無法控制自己的行為與思想，

而我們又以高標準不斷和他講理，殊不知可憐的老父早就身不由己，

面對我們的道理，只有更大的反彈。

時光無法倒流，對父親的虧欠永遠是我心頭的痛。

過去我們不知道如何照顧老人，

但從朋友身上，我學到寶貴功課，

我會將對父親的虧欠，加倍償還在年邁的母親身上。

 

如果雙親還健在那是我們的福氣！

學著如何與年邁的雙親相處，那是我們的福報！

當初父母親是如何養育我們長大，就以此種方式回報就對了。

 

Château mouton rothschild

相關的信息很值得了解 譬如說 Wikipedia 的"fr:Château mouton rothschild) 還有詳細中文說明http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Mouton_Rothschild

Château Mouton Rothschild - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org

Château Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in⋯⋯更多

 

 

 

高梁: 固態發酵 vs 半固態發酵酒

　金門高梁被平面週刊踢爆說，金酒公司在部份的酒品添加了糖化酶、砂糖，來加速催化發酵、增加產量，不但偷工減料，還導致高梁走味，對此金酒公司否認，強調絕對沒有欺騙消費者。

　　一向受到國人喜愛的金門高梁，被平面週刊踢爆，金酒公司在部份酒品添加糖化酶、砂糖，來加速催化發酵，以增加產量，不但偷工減料，還直指高梁已經走味，對此金酒公司馬上否認，表示固態和半固態釀酒技術由來已久，絕對沒有欺騙消費者。
　 　藝人江蕙以一首「溫溫的」為金酒代言，去年更創下160億的傲人營業額，還引來大陸仿冒，公然販賣山寨酒，不過卻有週刊爆料，金酒所生產的高粱酒，沒用 等比例添加高粱、小麥，而是以低價的砂糖、糖化酶，來加速催化半固態發酵，再混入固態發酵酒來增加產量，讓原本甘醇的高粱酒走味，有欺瞞消費者之嫌。
　　一般來說半固態發酵酒，像是大高酒，家戶配售酒比較甜順，和醇厚的固態發酵酒，也就是58度金門高梁，在口感和風味上大不相同，消費者各有喜好，也逃不過消費者挑剔的嘴，對於週刊的不實報導，金酒公司將保留法律追訴權。




2013年04月04日某報有回應此則新聞

為增產量　金門高梁遭爆加砂糖助發酵

2013年04月03日14:23

金門酒廠的特級高粱酒遭爆料，因為產量不斷創新高，製酒的高粱及小麥原料卻沒有等比例增加，酒廠反以成本低廉的砂糖及糖化酶製成半固態發酵的酒，再調製成高粱酒以增加產量，使金門高粱酒離古法釀造越來越遠，造成品質下滑，有欺瞞消費者之嫌。

最新一期《壹週刊》指出，金酒公司總經理吳秋穆表示，半固態發酵酒增加，主要是因家戶配售酒受歡迎增產，糖化酶則是用在固態發酵酒，因糖化酶可將高梁的澱粉完全釋出，而且雜質少，絕不會影響高粱酒口感風味。

一 名知情人士則指出，半固態發酵酒只要5天就可以發酵完成，金門酒廠在軍營時期就有製造，不過酒廠民營化後，都以生產「金門特級高粱酒」為主，半固態發酵酒 幾乎已不生產，如今生產的半固態發酵酒多用來調製高梁酒，若再使用糖化酶搭配酒麴發酵，已離古法越來越遠，有瞞騙消費者之嫌。

金門酒廠的特級高粱酒遭爆料，以砂糖加快發酵增加產量。翻攝壹週刊

漫談酒與管理

漫談酒與管理

(這篇草稿是1998年寫的。我前年說，或許應該完成它，用此文紀念我的父親。又，2012年與陳寬仁老師談金門和馬祖的高梁酒之經營，他說這要談起來，話可長了。當年上養生村為他祝壽，拿一小瓶日本威士忌請他嚐。今年春節，我的侄兒買瓶 Park…之威士忌，就將我們打發了。)

辛：你曉得，我們的雷根總統當選連任，他是全世界最有權力的人。

馬：是嗎？他能不能把水變成酒？

辛：不能。

馬：那麼他有什麼用？

（在雷根總統當選連任的明星大會串的慶祝會上，司儀法蘭克．辛納屈與「沉緬於酒色」的歌手迪恩．馬丁的相聲式對話。）取材自 高克毅《鼠咀集》台北：聯經出版社，1991，第171頁 。

，

　　1998年元月13／14日為公賣局朋友講述「第四代管理」，對象是釀啤酒及化驗專家。我想融合戴明淵博知識系統應用於釀售酒類的組織。

　　1997年12月29日的紀念戴明研究年會，吳總經理剛從日本回來，送我的”酒”，”竟是”日本製的Whisky。包裝設計極美，令人愛不釋眼（捨不得喝，送了長輩……）

　　我記得當年曾向一些公賣局的同事演講，說日本人多迷Whisky，竟然不惜從蘇格蘭將當地的水運回日本，來研發和自製Whisky的故事。為什麼如此大費周章呢？因為，當時他們發現，所有的製酒的重要因素和條件，他們都能複製並控制。可是，這樣製造出來的產品，味道上仍差一截。幾經搜索影響品質的要因，最後找出的差異是：日本和蘇格蘭的水質就是不同。

近百年前，日本Suntory公司的創始人，就發現Whisky的味覺魅力與市場發展的潛力，不過日本Whisky的品質，可要等到投入開發工作 20年之後，才穩定下來﹔等到第二次世界大戰之後，日本國內的威士忌市場才漸漸成長。由這段簡史，可見創業之不易。(現在宜蘭也有一家台灣著名的威士忌品牌，它的掘起，當然有其美麗的故事，但其歷史太短，暫時不討論。)

作為很好的個案研究，我們可研究Suntory這家公司。

該公司簡明的發展史:

http://www.suntory.com/history/index.html

櫻花味啤酒

嘗嘗櫻花味的酒！

2013/03/01

 

  在日本賞櫻季節即將到來之際，帶有櫻花香味的發泡酒「櫻花」（330毫升，售價450日元，約合人民幣30.6元）在上市後引發了關注。

     這種酒加入了長野縣伊那市高遠町（日本國內屈指可數的櫻花名勝、曾被選為「日本100大櫻花名勝」）的八重櫻和花瓣和葉子。同時再加入麥芽和啤酒花，然後通過上面發酵制法製成形成淡色，不使用香料。

　   減少使用形成苦味的啤酒花，通過加入大麥麥芽和口感醇厚的小麥麥芽，凸顯了櫻花本來的香味。喝這種啤酒，能夠享受到類似櫻花餅的濃郁櫻花香味。非常適合女性。酒精度數為5％。製造銷售商為日本桑科特嘉嵐啤酒廠（Sankt Gallen Brewery）。